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Analysis of sugar and everything related to "diabetes,"
Glucose:
Is the main sugar in human blood is a source of energy for all tissues of the body.
The
normal level of glucose in the blood ranging from 70 to 110 mg per 100
ml of blood, provided that the man was fasting for a period of 8-12
hours, and this percentage rises to 120 to 150 mg per 100 ml of blood
after a meal carbohydrate and this so-called altitude physiology blood
sugar (Physiological Hyperglycaemia) and this increase does not soon
return to normal level after fasting for two to three hours after
eating.
During
fasting for a long time (12-18 hours) reduced the level of sugar in the
blood to 60 to 70 mg per 100 ml blood, and this case is called the
"physiological decline of sugar in the blood" (Physiological
Hypoglycaemia).
(A) Analysis of sugar (Aljokoz analysis):
Regulates
the level of blood glucose balance between the presence of the hormone
insulin (Insulin) on the one hand and the work of anti-insulin hormones
(Anti-Insulin) on the other. These
hormones are anti-glucagon (Glucagon) and Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
cortisol and glucose (Glucocorticoid) and growth hormone (Growth
Hormone) and finally thyroxine (Thyroxine).
Where
the action of the hormone insulin leads to a reduction in the level of
sugar in the blood, while a counter-action of hormones to the high level
of sugar in the blood.
It is therefore imperative that there be a balance between their respective work to keep blood sugar normal focus.
In
general, high or low blood sugar level is evidence (symptoms) are not
clear because of the metabolism of glucose abnormalities.
Reasons for the high level of sugar in the blood satisfactory:
Diabetes
(Diabetes Mellitus), the difference in the function of any of the
following glands: thyroid, adrenal and pituitary, and sometimes sugar
rises in some liver diseases.
The reasons for the low level of sugar in the blood satisfactory:
Excessive insulin secretion, deficiencies in the work of adrenal and pituitary gland, and sometimes liver failure.
And
also with reduced sugar bad to use drugs to reduce blood sugar, and in
the event of sensitivity for some people to a certain food.
The result of the high and low blood sugar so-called "diabetic coma".
Sugar coma:
There are two types of sugar coma:
A - high sugar coma (Hyperglycaemic Coma):
A condition in which man loses consciousness due to higher sugar
The reasons are especially the neglect of diabetes type I from him.
The symptoms of sugar coma include:
1 - tenderness respiratory rate.
2 - the smell of acetone (which smelled like alcohol) by mouth.
3 - pulse is rapid and very weak.
4 - the skin is dry and the tongue as well.
The
analysis shows a very high sugar in blood and urine and its presence
also states, we find ketone bodies (Ketones Bodies) (a toxic compounds
produced by alcoholic fermentation of sugar) in the urine.
Doctors
are advised to treat diabetic sugar regulation and a commitment to diet
in the diet daily for not Tkarmthel this coma for the future.
B - low sugar coma (Hypoglycaemic Coma):
Always
occur with the use of bad drugs reduced sugar, while neglecting some
meals, leading to low blood sugar level of 60 mg per 100 ml in the
blood, leading to coma because the brain may be due to a high percentage
of sugar.
Symptoms are:
1 - normal breathing rate.
2 - the smell of the mouth normally.
3 - pulse quick and strong.
4 - The skin is wet because of the great race.
In the analysis shows the low level of blood sugar, and not present in the urine and the presence of ketone bodies in urine.
It
is recommended doctors in the occurrence of such coma taking any
substance sugar such as templates sugar, with the proper use of insulin
injections, and tablets treatment of diabetes, and not neglecting Alujat
daily Organization so as not to repeat such a coma, which is considered
more dangerous than its predecessor because it may affect the brain
cells (if lasted more than 24 hours) that rely on glucose as the main source of energy.
(B) diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus):
Is
a disease characterized by high blood glucose level and presence in the
urine and the multiplicity of urination, hunger, thirst and frequent a
lot, and as already mentioned, the most important causes of diabetes is
the lack of rate between the hormone insulin and anti-insulin hormones.
There are two types of diabetes:
(1) diabetes treatment approved in the insulin (Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus) and abbreviated to (IDDM):
Also
called type I diabetes (TypeΙ) and usually occurs in the pre-30 to 40
years old, diabetic of this kind is usually thin and the level of
insulin, blood is almost non-existent, and addresses only injected
insulin, so-called (IDDM), and this type can be be genetically.
(2) diabetes, which does not depend on insulin treatment (Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus) and abbreviated to (NIDDM):
The
so-called type II diabetes (TypeП), which is Abasht of the first type,
and usually occurs after the age of forty, and is characterized by a
patient of this type of obesity, and there has insulin but does not
produce sufficient quantity of the pancreas is not utilized because
there is a lack of insulin receptors in tissues, There is also a resistance to insulin.
And typically handles the discs reduced sugar in the blood, which helps the secretion of insulin the pancreas is located.
And
diabetes is characterized by disorder in the metabolism of
carbohydrates, fat and protein and loss of equilibrium between water and
salts, which affects the long-term (several years) on most of the body
especially the nervous system, kidneys and eyes.
(C) tests for sugar:
1 - Analysis of sugar in the blood and urine:
There are several ways to detect sugar in the blood and urine, including:
Depending
on the strength reduction of sugar (glucose), it can be used Vhlainj
solution (Fehling) or Benedict (Benedict) for the detection of glucose
in the urine, where its color turns blue to red precipitate with
heating.
Use
strips (Strips) containing the enzyme glucose oxide (Glucose Oxidase)
This analysis is more comprehensive and more accurate than its
predecessor.
The
use of analyzers glucose (Glucose Analyzer) and this depends on the
shorthand of glucose by the enzyme (Glucose Oxidase) and exit of oxygen
which is estimated by measuring the pole oxygen (Oxygen Electrode) and
then measured electronically by these devices, and this is the way of
the most accurate methods in the analysis of glucose in medical laboratories.
2 - Analysis of sugar random (Random Blood Glucose):
Useful
because it gives only a general idea of the level of sugar in the
blood of the patient where the sample is analyzed at any time during the
day, and the results of this analysis are taken to Taibb to the
condition of the patient assessment.
3 - Analysis of fasting glucose (Fasting Blood Glucose):
This analysis is conducted on the patient so that the fasting of 8 to 12 hours
Note
that the natural level of sugar in the blood ranges from 70 to 110 mg
per 100 ml blood, and if the ratio of 120 it is a sign of the occurrence
of diabetes in the future, and if they exceed 130, this is sick with
sugar, and are sure of that re-analysis for two or 3 times sequence of at least one week interval between each measurement.
4 - Analysis of sugar two hours after eating (Post Prandial Blood Glucose):
Is
this analysis on the patient after the meal natural (or 75 g glucose)
and then measure his blood sugar two hours after eating, and the
usefulness of this analysis is that it gives us an idea about the future
occurrence of diabetes in this patient and whether you will need to
analyze the curve of sugar or not.
If the ratio exceeded 140 mg two hours after eating, this indicates that there are flaws in the return of sugar to normal level.
5 - Analysis of glucose tolerance curve (Glucose Tolerance Test)
And abbreviated (GTT):
This
analysis is conducted when there is doubt in the incidence of diabetes,
and gives us an idea of the risk of diabetes or not.
When
the analysis has to be patient fasting from 8 to 12 hours, then take a
blood sample and Paul then addresses the patient's dose of glucose of 75
grams (or 1 g per kg of body weight) and then take a blood sample and
urine every half hour for 3 hours and we measure sugar in each blood sample, and expose him in all urine samples.
In
the natural curve shows that the level of fasting glucose of 70-110 mg,
then up to the maximum degree is 120 to 130 mg after an hour and a half
and then return to normal again after 2 to 3 hours, and can fall below
normal and then back again to its level natural and the so-called "ejaculate Alonsulinih" (Insulin Shot), caused by increased secretion of insulin in some people.
In
diabetic curve shows that the fasting glucose level of more than 130
and 180 mg than after an hour and a half and then falls again, but does
not reach the starting point within two hours and a half.
If
the sugar level did not return to normal within 2-3 hours, it is a sign
of the possibility of diabetes in the future knowing that the normal
fasting glucose.
6 - glycated hemoglobin (Glycosylated Haemoglobin - HbA 1c)
Glycated
hemoglobin is a protein (globulin) associated with iron in the set
(Haem) and this protein (hemoglobin) is linked to sugar glucose and
there are many types of hemoglobin, but what concerns us is the A1c
because it is characterized by being linked with glucose, as linked to a
small percentage of hemoglobin does not exceed 5 - 10% of the hemoglobin Bjlokoz blood and this part is called the associated (HbA1c).
Ratio
correlation glucose hemoglobin Batmd the level in the blood, the more
Zhadat glucose increased the proportion of (HbA1c), but this link is
slowly and ever-slowly, are not affected by sugar portable him diets and
gives us an indication of the proportion of sugar in the blood during
the lifetime of red blood cells which
is about 120 days and the natural rate of between 5-8% and the increase
in diabetes in the case of non-attendance in treatment as well as in
diabetes type I if the patient is in need of increasing the dose of
insulin.
7 - Alfrcktuzamin (Fructosamine):
Is
one of the latest and most accurate way to detect the level of blood
sugar in the period from 15 to 20 days prior to analysis when the
patient's diabetes.
This
method is used to measure the proportion of proteins, sugars
(Glycosylated Proteins) and by measuring the ratio Alfrcktuzamin
associated protein, this analysis is not affected by diets.
(D) of the important tips with diabetes:
1 - the patient's awareness of the fact is the basis of diabetes treatment.
2 - The following diet and exercising the most important physical medicine.
3
- You should seek the patient's diabetes to reach the ideal weight
gradually, which is calculated in a manner roughly as follows (height Centimeter poses including 103 kg for men or 105 kg for women) and the
doctor determines the ideal weight of the patient by age, sex, height,
weight, nature of work , the type of diabetes.
4
- The half-hour walk every day twice or use the stationary bike at home
or doing physical movements quarter of an hour twice a day without
stress helps in reducing the percentage of sugar in the blood.
5 - prefer to take a big glass of water before eating or drinking and a half liters of water a day.
6
- body weight and must be recorded weekly for weight control, and must
be Aloakl at specific times and daily meals according to the system
without disorder.
7 - must be a lot of materials that increase the numbers of the fiber (vegetables).
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موضوع: Analysis of sugar and everything related to "diabetes 
